Pronunciation Guide

This chart shows every sound in the Open Phonics program, in the order they are introduced. Use this as a reference when teaching. Voiced sounds use the vocal cords; whispered sounds do not.

Key Concepts

Voiced Sounds

Your vocal cords vibrate. Place your hand on your throat — you can feel the buzz. Examples: mmm, aaa, rrr, ddd.

Whispered Sounds

No vocal cord vibration — just air. Keep these sounds quiet and short. Examples: sss, t, fff, p.

Continuous Sounds

Can be held and stretched: mmmmm, sssss, aaaaa. Move the pointer slowly across these sounds.

Stop Sounds

Cannot be stretched — say them quickly: t, d, c, g, p, b, k. The pointer taps instead of gliding.

Complete Sound Chart

SymbolPronouncedAs InTypeLesson
mmmmramvoiced1
ssssbuswhispered1
aaaaandvoiced3
ēēēēeatvoiced5
ttcatwhispered7
rrrrbarvoiced9
ddmadvoiced12
iiiiifvoiced14
thththththis voiced, as in this and bathevoiced16
cctackwhispered19
oooooxvoiced21
nnnnpanvoiced23
ffffstuffwhispered25
uuuuundervoiced27
llllpalvoiced29
wwwwwowvoiced31
ggtagvoiced33
I(the word I)sight wordvoiced34
shshshshwishwhispered35
āāāāatevoiced37
hhhatwhispered39
kktackwhispered41
ōōōōovervoiced43
vvvvlovevoiced45
ppsapwhispered48
arārrrcarvoiced49
chchtouchwhispered50
eēēēendvoiced52
bbgrabvoiced54
ingiiingsingvoiced56
īīīīicevoiced58
yyyyēyardvoiced60
erurrrbrothervoiced62
irurrrbird same sound as ervoiced63
ururrrburn same sound as ervoiced64
oooooooomoon long oo, as in moonvoiced65
jjjudgevoiced67
whwwwwhywhispered69
ȳīīīmyvoiced71
ūūūūusevoiced74
qukwwwquick also pronounced koovoiced74
xksssoxwhispered75
zzzzbuzzvoiced75
eaēēēleavevoiced79
eeēēēfeet same sound as eavoiced80
oaōōōboatvoiced82
ayāāāday same sound as ai at end of wordsvoiced84
aiāāāārainvoiced88
ouowwwloudvoiced89
ororrrfor r-controlled vowelvoiced91
ckkback same sound as k/c, used after short vowelswhispered93
th (unvoiced)ththing unvoiced, as in thing and mathwhispered95
ŏŏŏŏbook short oo, as in book/look/goodvoiced97
bl, clbl, clblock, clapblend101
fl, slfl, slflat, sledblend102
br, crbr, crbrick, crabblend103
dr, frdr, frdrip, frogblend104
gr, prgr, prgrab, printblend105
tr, strtr, strtrip, strapblend107
sp, stsp, stspot, stopblend108
sm, sn, swsm, sn, swsmell, snap, swimblend109
pl, sk, scpl, sk, scplan, skip, scanblend111
-nd, -nknd, nkband, thinkending blend112
-mp, -lt, -ftmp, lt, ftjump, belt, leftending blend113
ow (cow)owwwcow diphthongvoiced115
ow (snow)ōōōsnow long o spellingvoiced116
oi, oyoyoil, boyvoiced117
aw, allawsaw, ballvoiced118
ighīīīnightvoiced120
kn, wrn, rknow, writesilent letter121
ewōōnewvoiced122
-ed (/d/)dplayed after voiced soundssuffix123
-ed (/t/)tjumped after unvoiced soundssuffix123
-ed (/id/)idwanted after t or dsuffix123
soft cssscity c says /s/ before e, i, ywhispered124
soft gjgem g says /j/ before e, i, yvoiced124
-ct, -nt, -stct, nt, stfact, went, fastending blend125
glglgladblend126
sprsprspringblend126
scrscrscreamblend127
squskwsquishblend127
auawcause same sound as awvoiced128
gnngnatsilent letter129
mbmlambsilent letter129
ghsilentghostsilent letter130
-ld, -lf, -lp, -lkld, lf, lp, lkcold, self, help, milkending blend131
-sk, -sp, -ptsk, sp, ptmask, clasp, keptending blend132
ff, ll, ss, zzf, l, s, zstuff, ball, miss, buzz double letters make one sounddouble consonant133
-er (comparative)erbigger comparing two thingssuffix135
-estestbiggestsuffix135
-lyleequicklysuffix136
-fulfulhelpfulsuffix137
-lesslescarelesssuffix137
-nessneskindnesssuffix138
-tionshunactionsuffix140
-sionzhunvisionsuffix140
-ble, -tle, -dlebul, tul, dultable, little, middle consonant-le syllable typesyllable142

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Adding "uh" to stop sounds. Say "t" not "tuh", "d" not "duh", "p" not "puh". The extra vowel sound makes blending much harder.
  • Stretching stop sounds. Sounds like t, d, c, g, p, b, and k cannot be held. Say them quickly and crisply.
  • Confusing voiced and whispered pairs. "s" is whispered (no throat buzz), "z" is voiced (throat buzzes). Same mouth shape, different voicing.
  • Rushing continuous sounds. Give the learner time to hear and feel mmm, sss, rrr. Hold them for 1–2 seconds when modeling.
  • Saying letter names instead of sounds. We teach sounds, not names. The letter "s" says "sss", not "ess".